Clinical outcomes of selecting the vertebra above sagittal stable vertebra as distal fusion level for Scheuermann's thoracic kyphosis / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcome and complications associated with utilizing sagittal plane stable vertebra-1 (SSV-1) as the distal instrumented vertebra (LIV) in posterior fusion of thoracic kyphosis with Scheuermann's Disease kyphosis (STK).Methods:A longitudinal study on patients with STK who underwent posterior correction and fusion surgery from January 2018 to June 2021 were conducted. All participants had a follow-up duration over two years. Patients were divided into two groups according to the segment of LIV: the SSV group, where LIV was located in SSV; and the SSV-1 group, where LIV was located in the vertebral body above SSV. The radiographic parameters, including global kyphosis (GK), lumbar lordosis (LL), and sagittal plane (SVA), LIV offset distance (LIV translation), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT) and sacral slope (SS), were compared between the two groups. The SRS-22 scale was used to evaluate health-related quality of life at pre-operation and last follow-up, and the incidence of postoperative distal junctional kyphosis (DJK) was also recorded. Analytical techniques, such as Analysis of Variance and Mann-Whitney tests, were employed to compare inter-group differences.Results:A total of 57 patients were included in the study, 36 in the SSV group and 21 in the SSV-1 group. The average age for patients were 16.1±2.3 years (range 13-20 years), and the average follow-up time was 32.8±6.8 months (range 24-53 months). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, follow-up time, surgical time, intraoperative bleeding volume, and fusion level. Before surgery, the LIV deviation distance in the SSV group was significantly lower than that in the SSV-1 group (-7.9±11.0 mm vs. 31.5±11.5 mm, t=7.64, P<0.001). In the SSV group, the preoperative GK was 79.3°±10.5°, and the last follow-up GK was 44.4°±8.5°, which was significantly improved compared to preoperative value ( t=28.28, P<0.001); in the SSV-1 group, the preoperative GK was 81.1°±10.6°, and the value at 1-week post-operative was 44.9°±7.8°, which was significantly improved compared to pre-operative value ( t=22.23, P<0.001). At the last follow-up, it was 45.1°±8.7°, with a correction rate of 44.3%±8.5%. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of GK, LL, SVA, PI, PT and SS at pre-operative, 1-week post-operative and last follow-up ( P>0.05). All patients had no intraoperative complications of nerve injury. During the follow-up period, one patient (1/21, 4.8%) developed DJK without complications such as proximal kyphosis, pseudarthrosis, or failed internal fixation. At the last follow-up, the functional score of SRS-22 in SSV-1 group improved from preoperative (3.5±0.54) to postoperative (4.1±0.62), with an average improvement rate of 19.2%±3.2%, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.74, P=0.001). These results indicating that the surgical treatment was effective in relieving the symptoms of the patients. Conclusion:Selecting SSV-1 as LIV in corrective surgeries for STK appears to produce commendable clinical results with minimal implant-associated complications over a two-year observation period.

Enfermedad de Scheuermann lumbar atípica en rara asociación con artritis idiopática juvenil / Atypical lumbar Scheuermann disease and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a rarely association

El dolor lumbar en los adolescentes es causa frecuente de motivo de consulta en reumatología y obedece a diferentes causas. Se presenta un caso clínico de un adolescente de 14 años de edad, de procedencia rural que acudió a consulta refiriendo dolor y aumento de volumen de ambas rodillas de 3 meses de evolución, acompañado de dolor lumbar desde hacía más de 2 años y que había requerido tratamiento con antinflamatorios no esteroideos y reposo, sin otros síntomas sistémicos acompañantes. Al examen físico se encontró artritis de rodillas, aumento de la cifosis fisiológica en la columna dorsal y puntos sacroilíacos positivos. En los exámenes complementarios fue significativa la presencia del HLA-B27, sinovitis en bolsa subcuadricipital bilateral detectada mediante ultrasonido de rodillas, así como hallazgos en las radiografías a nivel de los cuerpos de las vértebras lumbares característicos de la enfermedad de Scheuermann, y esclerosis de ambas sacroilíacas, características de artritis idiopática juvenil. Se concluyó que el paciente padecía de dos afecciones que por mecanismos diferentes causan dolor lumbar(AU)

Low back pain in adolescents is a frequent reason for consultation in rheumatology and is due to different causes. A clinical case of a 14-year-old adolescent from rural origin who comes to the clinic reporting pain and volume increase in both knees of three months of evolution accompanied by low back pain of more than two years of evolution that had required treatment is presented. with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and rest, without other accompanying systemic symptoms, physical examination revealed knee arthritis, increased physiological kyphosis in the thoracic spine and positive sacroiliac points. In the complementary tests, the presence of HLA-B27, synovitis in the bilateral sub quadriceps bursa on ultrasound of the knees, findings in the radiographs at the level of the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae characteristic of Scheuermann's disease, and sclerosis of both sacroiliacs' characteristic of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, it is concluded that the patient suffers from two conditions, which by different mechanisms cause low back pain(AU)

Adding satellite rods to standard two-rod construct for promoting postoperative vertebral remodeling in scheuermann kyphosis / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate reversal of vertebral wedging and to evaluate the contribution of adding satellite rods to correction maintenance in patients with adolescent Scheuermann kyphosis (SK) after posterior-only instrumented correction.Methods:A retrospective cohort study with SK was performed. From January 2009 to December 2018, a total of 26 SK patients (21 males and 5 females) who received posterior instrumented correction surgery at the age of 13–16 years were included. The mean age was 14.5±0.9 years. Risser sign was level 1 in 5 patients, level 2 in 10 patients and level 3 in 11 patients. Patients receiving placement with a standard 2-RC construct were composed in the 2-RC group, and those with enhanced instrumentation with satellite rods adding to 2-RC via duet screws were assigned to the S-RC group. The anterior vertebral body height (AVBH), posterior vertebral body height (PVBH), global kyphosis (GK), disc wedging angle (DWA), vertebral wedging angle (VWA) and Scoliosis Research Society questionnaires-22 (SRS-22) were collected preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at the latest follow-up. Further, these outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:The average follow-up durations for the S-RC and 2-RC groups were 3.1±1.0 and 2.9±1.1 years ( t=0.04, P=0.837), respectively. Remarkable postoperative correction of GK was observed in S-RC group and 2-RC group without significant difference (51.1%±5.1% vs. 46.7%±5.8%, t=1.74, P=0.099). The correction loss of S-RC group was significantly less than that at 2-RC group during follow-up (0.6°±0.3° vs. 1.8°±0.8°, t=-6.52, P<0.001). The ratio between AVBH and PVBH of deformed vertebrae notably increased in S-RC group and 2-RC group from post-operation to the latest follow-up ( P<0.05). Compared with the 2-RC group, the S-RC group had significantly greater increase in AVBH/PVBH ratio during follow-up (32.6%±8.5% vs. 22.5%±13.4%, t=2.31, P=0.030). The two groups had similar preoperative and postoperative SRS-22 questionnaire scores for all domains ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The AVBH of deformed vertebrae could be increased after posterior correction in SK patients. Compared with the traditional two-rod construct, satellite rods construction could be more effective which could achieve greater vertebral remodeling and less correction loss.

Sagittal Plane Alignment and Functional Outcomes Following Surgery for Scheuermann Kyphosis / Alinhamento do plano sagital e resultados funcionais após cirurgia para a cifose de Scheuermann

Abstract Objective To evaluate and correlate the pelvic parameters, the sagittal balance (SB), and the functional outcome of the patients submitted to surgical treatment for Scheuermann hyperkyphosis (SK). Methods Patients submitted to surgery between January 2005 and December 2016 were included. The following radiographic measurements were obtained: thoracic kyphosis (TK); lumbar lordosis (LL); SB; pelvic incidence (PI); pelvic tilt (PT); and sacral slope (SS). Complications during the follow-up period were recorded. Results A total of 19 patients were included (16 males): the mean preoperative kyphosis was of 83°, and the postoperative kyphosis was of 57°. The mean preoperative lumbar lordosis was of 66°, with a postoperative spontaneous correction of 47°. Regarding the preoperative pelvic parameters, the average PI, PT and SS were of 48°,10° and 39° respectively. In the postoperative period, these values were of 50°, 16° and 35° respectively. The preoperative SB was neutral, and it was maintained after the surgical correction. Concerning complications during the follow-up period, three junctional kyphosis were observed-two requiring revision surgery, one nonunion, and one dehiscence of the surgical wound. Regarding the functional results, the average score on the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) patient questionnaire was of 4.04, and we verified that the SB obtained in the postoperative period had no influence on the functional outcome (p = 0.125) nor on the postoperative LL (p = 0.851). Conclusion We verified a spontaneous improvement in the lumbar hyperlordosis at levels not included in the fusion after correction of the TK. Although the postoperative functional results were globally high, we did not find any statistically significant relationship with TK nor LLs. high PI is associated with a greater rate of complications regarding the proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), and these pelvic parameters should be considered at the time of the SK surgical treatment.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar e correlacionar os parâmetros pélvicos, o equilíbrio sagital (SB), e o resultado funcional dos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico da hipercifose de Scheuermann (SK). Métodos Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2016. Foram obtidas as seguintes medidas radiográficas: cifose torácica (TK); lordose lombar (LL); SB; incidência pélvica (PI); inclinação pélvica (PT); e inclinação sacral (SS). Complicações foram registradas durante o período de seguimento. Resultados Foram incluídos 19 pacientes (16 homens): a cifose pré-operatória média foi de 83°, e, após a cirurgia, de 57°. A LL média pré-operatória foi de 66°, com uma correção espontânea pós-operatória de 47°. Quanto aos parâmetros pélvicos préoperatórios, as médias de PI, PT e SS foram de 48°, 10° e 39°, respectivamente. No pósoperatório, esses valores foram de 50°, 16° e 35°, respectivamente. O SB pré-operatório foi neutro e mantido após correção cirúrgica. Quanto às complicações durante o período de seguimento, foram observadas três cifoses juncionais - duas necessitando de cirurgia de revisão, uma má consolidação, e uma deiscência de sutura. Em relação aos resultados funcionais, a pontuação média no questionário de 22 itens da Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22) foi de 4,04, e verificou-se que o SB no pós-operatório não teve influência no desfecho funcional (p = 0,125), nem na LL pós-operatória (p = 0,851). Conclusão Verificamos uma melhora espontânea da hiperlordose lombar em níveis não incluídos na fusão após a correção da TK. Embora os resultados funcionais pósoperatórios tenham sido globalmente elevados, não encontramos nenhuma relação estatisticamente significativa com a TK nem com a LL. A PI elevada está associada a maior complicação da cifose juncional proximal (PJK), e esses parâmetros pélvicos devem ser considerados no momento do tratamento cirúrgico da cifose de Scheuermann.

Cifosis patológica en la columna pediátrica / Pathologic kyphosis in the pediatric spine

En este manuscrito se revisan las diferentes causas que producen aumento de la cifosis torácica (dorso curvo), específicamente en niños y adolescentes. Las causas del dorso curvo que se analizan en este artículo son: Dorso curvo postural, idiopático, neuromuscular, congénito y enfermedad de Scheuermann. Se centra en los factores que producen su aparición, características de su evolución y tratamiento.

This manuscript reviews the different causes that lead to increased thoracic kyphosis, specifically in children and adolescents. The causes of increased thoracic kyphosis that will be discussed in this article are: postural, idiopathic, neuromuscular, congenital, and Scheuermann's disease. This paper focuses on the factors that produce its appearance, characteristics of its evolution, and treatment.

Selection of the distal fusion level in posterior spinal fusion for Scheuermann kyphosis / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcomes and complication of posterior surgery for Scheuermann kyphosis fusing to different distal fusion levels.Methods:From January 2012 to December 2017, a consecutive cohort of 34 patients who were treated with posterior spinal instrumented correction and satisfied the inclusion criteria were retrospectively reviewed, including 29 males and 5 females, aged 17.1±4.3 years (range, 12-30 years). All of the patients had a minimum follow-up of 2 years. According to the distal fusion level, patients were divided into 2 groups. Group sagittal stable vertebra (SSV) (22 cases) included patients whose lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) was SSV; Group SSV-1 (12 cases) included patients who had a LIV one level above the SSV. Radiographic parameters including global kyphosis (GK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS) were measured in the standing radiographs before and after operation and at the latest follow up. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. The Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire (SRS-22) were conducted at pre-operation and the final follow up to evaluate the clinical outcomes. The sagittal radiographic parameters and the incidence of distal junctional kyphosis (DJK) were compared between the two groups.Results:There were no significant differences in terms of age, sex, radiographic measurements and scores of SRS-22 between two groups preoperatively ( P>0.05). The correction rates of GK in the SSV group and the SSV-1 group were 42.8%±7.6% and 43.2%±8.4% ( t=0.151, P=0.881) respectively. While the correction rates loss were 1.2%±5.2% and 3.9%±7.2% ( t=0.767, P=0.449) at the latest follow up. No significant difference was observed in terms of other radiographic parameters ( P>0.05). During the postoperative follow up period, 3 patients (16.7%) in SSV group and 2 patients (13.6%) in SSV-1 group developed DJK. The incidence of DJK did not show any significant difference between two groups ( χ2=0.057, P=0.812). At the final follow-up, the function scores of SRS-22 in SSV-1 group (4.1±0.6) was significantly higher than SSV group (3.7±0.5) ( t=2.300, P=0.028) and there was no significant difference in the rest of the domain ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with stopping at SSV, fusion to SSV-1 could achieve comparable curve correction with the preservation of more lumbar motility. Moreover, it would not increase the risk of DJK. As a result, we recommend selecting SSV-1 as the ideal LIV for SK patients.

Enfermedad de Scheuermann lumbar / Lumbar Scheuermann's disease

La osteocondrosis lumbar juvenil o enfermedad lumbar de Scheuermann comparte características con la enfermedad de Scheuermann clásica, pero se localiza en la columna dorsal baja y lumbar (D10-L4), y es menos frecuente. La forma lumbar atípica consiste en la aparición de hernias de Schmorl en uno o dos cuerpos vertebrales con estrechamiento del espacio interdiscal y cambios en los platillos vertebrales. Presentamos el caso de un adolescente de 18 años que fue recibido en el Cuerpo de Guardia a causa de un accidente de tránsito, y refirió dolor lumbar. Se le indicaron estudios de imagen donde no se identificaron lesiones secundarias al trauma. Sin embargo, se evidenció una vértebra en limbo a nivel de L1, así como irregularidad de los platillos vertebrales de los segmentos lumbares altos, correspondientes con nódulos de Schmorl. Todos estos hallazgos son compatibles con enfermedad lumbar de Scheuermann. El paciente se mantuvo en observación sin que presentara complicaciones y se remitió a la Consulta de Reumatología(AU)

Juvenile lumbar osteochondrosis or Scheuermann's lumbar disease shares characteristics with classical Scheuermann's disease but it is located in the lower and lumbar spine (D10-L4) and is less frequent. The atypical lumbar form consists of the appearance of Schmorl hernias in one or two vertebral bodies with narrowing of the intradiscal space and changes in the vertebral plates. The case is presented of an 18-year-old teenager who was received in emergency service because of a traffic accident, referring to low back pain. Imaging studies were indicated where no injuries secondary to trauma were identified. However, there was evidence of a limb vertebra at the level of L1 as well as irregularity of the vertebral plates of the corresponding upper lumbar segments with Schmorl nodules. All these findings are consistent with lumbar Scheuermann's disease(AU)

The Effect of Schroth Therapy on Thoracic Kyphotic Curve and Quality of Life in Scheuermann's Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled single-blinded clinical trial. PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of Schroth therapy on thoracic curve angle, pain, and self-perceived body image (SPBI) of the back in Scheuermann's patients in comparison with the efficacy of classic anti-gravitation exercises. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Scheuermann disease is the most common cause of hyperkyphosis of the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine during adolescence. However, very few studies evaluated the effect of exercises on the progression of kyphosis in Scheuermann patients. Schroth three-dimensional exercise therapy was found in several studies to be effective in the treatment of adolescent scoliosis; however, we found no randomized controlled trials that evaluated the efficacy of this method in Scheuermann patients. METHODS: A total of 50 young adults (males and females) with Scheuermann's disease were randomly divided into either the experimental group (Schroth therapy treatment, n=25) or the control group (classic anti-gravitation exercises, n=25). Participants in both the groups were provided a course of individual treatment sessions during few weeks, with one appointment per week. They were required to perform the exercises daily throughout the study period (12 months) and fill their performance in a research log. We evaluated the thoracic Cobb angle (main outcome measure), pain, SPBI, flexion of the shoulder (supine), flexion of the shoulder (standing), kyphotic deformity measured using inclinometer, and L5 kyphosis apex line (L5-KAL) as well as administered the Scoliosis Research Society-22 Questionnaire for the participants before the treatment, after 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. These results were then compared. RESULTS: In the mixed analysis of variance, the main effect of time was significant in the thoracic kyphosis (F [1]=5.72, p=0.02), and in the L5-KAL (F [1]=5.76, p=0.02). The main effect of time on the kyphotic deformity, measured using an inclinometer, did not reach the significance level; however, it showed the tendency (F [1]=2.80, p=0.07). In the group-by-time interaction, a significant difference was found in the thoracic kyphosis (F [1]=4.91, p=0.03) and in the kyphotic deformity, measured using an inclinometer (F [1]=4.05, p=0.02). Thus, the Schroth therapy group showed significantly greater improvement than the classic anti-gravitation exercises group. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that back exercises in general, and Schroth therapy in particular, is an effective treatment for preventing and significantly improving the thoracic Cobb angle and symptomatic representation in Scheuermann's patients.

Surgical treatment of Scheuermann´s disease by the posterior approach. Case series / Tratamento cirúrgico da doença de Scheuermann por acesso posterior. Série de casos / Tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Scheuermann por vía posterior. Serie de casos

OBJECTIVE: To describe the results of surgical treatment of Scheuermann's disease by the posterior approach. METHOD: A descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal study in which patients with Scheuermann's disease, treated surgically by the posterior approach at the Hospital de Traumatologia y Ortopedia [Hospital for Traumatology and Orthopedics] "Lomas Verdes" IMSS. The Cobb method was used to measure the kyphosis in all the patients, of T5-T12. The surgical technique used was vertebral shortening by the Ponte osteotomy technique, at the apex of the deformity, accompanied by transpedicular instrumentation and posterior arthrodesis. RESULTS: Five patients were included; three men and two women, with an average age of 16.6 years. The initial average kyphosis was 76º, which was corrected to 42º after surgery. Blood loss was 590 ml, with a surgery time of 3 hours. Three patients were submitted to neurophysiological monitoring. No neurological lesion was found. There was no loss of correction at 6 months of evolution. CONCLUSIONS: The vertebral shortening technique with posterior instrumentation eliminates the use of the anterior approach to release the anterior longitudinal ligament. Osteotomies by the Ponte technique make the spine more flexible, and together with pedicular instrumentation, correct the deformity and preserve the correction over time. .

OBJETIVO: Descrever os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico da doença de Scheuermann por acesso posterior. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e longitudinal, no qual foram incluídos pacientes com doença de Scheuermann tratados cirurgicamente por acesso posterior no Hospital de Traumatologia y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes" IMSS. O método de Cobb foi utilizado para medir a cifose em todos os pacientes de T5-T12. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada foi encurtamento vertebral pela técnica de osteotomia de Ponte no ápice da deformidade, acompanhada por instrumentação transpedicular e artrodese posterior. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos cinco pacientes, três homens e duas mulheres, com média de idade de 16,6 anos. A cifose média inicial era de 76º e foi corrigida para 42º depois da cirurgia. O sangramento foi 590 ml, com tempo cirúrgico de 3 horas. Três pacientes foram submetidos à monitoração neurofisiológica. Não foi encontrada nenhuma lesão neurológica. Não houve perda da correção aos 6 meses de evolução. CONCLUSÕES: A técnica de encurtamento vertebral com instrumentação posterior elimina o emprego do acesso anterior para liberar o ligamento longitudinal anterior. A osteotomias pela técnica de Ponte flexibilizam a coluna e, em conjunto com a instrumentação pedicular, corrigem a deformidade e mantêm a correção no decorrer do tempo. .

OBJETIVO: Describir los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Scheuermann por vía posterior. MÉTODO: Es un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo longitudinal en el cual se incluyeron pacientes con enfermedad de Scheuermann manejados quirúrgicamente por vía posterior en el Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes" IMSS. Se utilizó el método de Cobb para la medición de la cifosis en todos los pacientes de T5-T12. La técnica quirúrgica utilizada fue el acortamiento vertebral mediante osteotomías de Ponte en el ápice de la deformidad, acompañada de instrumentación transpedicular y artrodesis posterior. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron cinco pacientes, tres hombres y dos mujeres, con un promedio de edad 16,6 años. La cifosis inicial promedio fue de 76º y corrigió a 42º después de la cirugía. El sangrado promedio fue de 590 ml con un tiempo quirúrgico de 3 horas. Se utilizó monitoreo neurofisiológico en tres de los pacientes. No se presentó ninguna lesión neurológica. No hubo pérdida de la corrección a los 6 meses de evolución. CONCLUSIONES: La técnica de acortamiento vertebral con instrumentación posterior omite el abordaje anterior para la liberación del ligamento longitudinal anterior. Las osteotomías tipo Ponte flexibilizan la columna y junto con la instrumentación pedicular logran corregir la deformidad y mantenerla a través del tiempo. .

Resultados de una encuesta sobre tratamiento de la cifosis torácica causada por enfermedad de Scheuermann / Resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o tratamento da cifose torácica de Scheuermann / Results of a survey on the treatment of thoracic Scheuermann´s kyphosis

OBJETIVO: Conocer que parámetros se deben considerar para encarar el tratamiento de la cifosis torácica causada por la enfermedad de Scheuermann. MÉTODO: Se realizó una recolección de informaciones consistente en aplicar un cuestionario a 25 informantes calificados, colegas de diferentes países de Íbero/Latinoamérica miembros de SILACO (Sociedad Íbero/Latinoamericana de Columna) y se analizaron los resultados de las mismas. RESULTADOS: Como tratamiento ortopédico, la mayoría se inclinó por el uso del corsé de Milwaukee, indicado en pacientes prepúberes y pospúberes con curvas mayores de 60º y en curvas de menos de 60º si tienen dolor. El tiempo de uso: 22 hrs por día, su mantenimiento hasta llegar a Risser 4 o 5. Se observó una tasa de abandono de 48% al plan terapéutico. En lo referente a tratamiento quirúrgico, las indicaciones surgen: por localización de la deformidad, el valor angular, dolor, edad y estética. La extensión del área a fusionar fue determinada con los espinogramas y radiografías dinámicas. Se eligió la vía posterior como vía de abordaje con barras y tornillos, y en algunos casos la combinación con ganchos. Se evaluaron los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico (de acuerdo a la opinión del médico), que fueron catalogados como buenos en un 64%. CONCLUSIONES: Se realizó una encuesta de opinión sobre el tratamiento de la cifosis torácica causada por enfermedad de Scheuermann .y se analizaron 25 formularios de respuestas de calificados cirujanos de columna, de diferentes países de Ibero/Latinoamérica miembros de SILACO. La encuesta ha permitido establecer normas de conducta terapéuticas (ortopédicas y quirúrgicas) para el tratamiento de esta afección.

OBJETIVO: Obter os parâmetros a serem considerados para realizar o tratamento da cifose torácica de Scheuermann. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram obtidos por meio de um questionário que foi respondido por 25 membros da SILACO (Sociedad Ibero-Latino-americana de Columna) e análise dos resultados das respostas. RESULTADOS: Como tratamento ortopédico, a maioria optou pelo uso do colete de Milwaukee indicado para pacientes pré-púberes e pós-púberes com curvas maiores que 60° e curvas de menos de 60° acompanhadas de dor. O tempo de uso diário do colete foi de 22 horas até atingir Risser 4 ou 5. A taxa de abandono do plano terapêutico foi de 48%. Em relação ao tratamento cirúrgico, a maioria afirmou que as indicações estão relacionadas com localização da deformidade, valor angular, dor, idade e a estética. A extensão da área da artrodese foi determinada por meio de radiografias totais de coluna e dinâmicas. A abordagem posterior foi escolhida como a via de acesso preferida, utilizando-se hastes, parafusos e associação com ganchos. CONCLUSÃO: Realizamos uma pesquisa sobre o tratamento da cifose torácica decorrente de doença Scheuermann. Analisamos 25 formulários de resposta de cirurgiões de coluna qualificados de diferentes países membros da SILACO. A pesquisa permitiu estabelecer normas de conduta terapêutica (ortopédicas e cirúrgicas) para tratamento dessa afecção.

OBJECTIVE: To determine which parameters should be considered to address the treatment of thoracic Scheuermann kyphosis. METHOD: A survey information with a questionnaire applied to 25 informants, colleagues from different countries of Ibero-Latin American members of SILACO (Sociedad Ibero-Latinoamericana de Columna) and to analyze the results. RESULTS: Regarding to the orthopedic treatment the majority tended towards the use of Milwaukee brace for pre-pubertal and post-pubertal patients with curves greater than 60º and in curves of less than 60º if they had pain. Time of use: Twenty two hours per day until reaching Risser of 4 or 5. The rejection rate of the therapeutic plan was 48%. Regarding surgical treatment, the majority established that the indications are related to the location of the deformity, the angular value, pain, age and aesthetics. The extension of the area to be fused was determined by the total column and dynamic X-rays. Posterior approach was chosen to access; rod and screws, and in some cases the combination with hooks. CONCLUSION: We conducted a survey about the treatment of thoracic kyphosis due to Scheuermann disease and analyzed 25 response forms of qualified spine surgeons from different countries that are SILACO members. The survey has allowed to establish standards of management (orthopedic and surgical) for the treatment of this condition.

Cifose de Scheuermann: comparação entre a abordagem por via posterior associada à osteotomia de Smith-Petersen e a fusão combinada anterior e posterior / Scheuermann's kyphosis: comparison between the posterior approach associated with Smith-Petersen osteotomy and combined anterior-posterior fusion

OBJETIVO: O tratamento cirúrgico da cifose de Scheuermann (CS) permanece tópico em debate. Considerando a controvérsia sobre a melhor forma de tratamento cirúrgico, foi proposto estudo envolvendo pacientes com diagnóstico de CS a fim de comparar resultados do tratamento entre a dupla abordagem e a técnica por via posterior associada à osteotomia de Smith-Petersen. MÉTODOS: Trabalho descritivo, com análise transversal de estudo caso-controle. Foram avaliados 28 pacientes divididos em dois grupos conduzidos de forma temporalmente distinta. RESULTADOS: O primeiro grupo compreende pacientes abordados por dupla via, com idade media de 19 anos, com cifose pré-operatória de 77,6°, pós-operatória de 35,8° com correção média de 53,2 por cento. O segundo grupo compreende pacientes abordados pela via posterior associada à osteotomia de Smith-Petersen com média de idade de 27,3 anos, cifose pré de 72,9°, pós de 44,3° com correção média de 39,3 por cento. Na análise entre os dois grupos houve significância estatística para as variáveis idade (p = 0,02), cifose pós-operatória (p = 0,04), para o grau e percentual de correção da cifose (p = 0,001), não existindo diferença na cifose pré-operatória (p = 0,33). Na avaliação de dor pós-operatória (EVA), o primeiro grupo apresentou média de 0,6 pontos contra 0,5 de média do segundo grupo. Existiram apenas complicações menores em ambos os grupos, sendo sete no primeiro e três no segundo grupo. CONCLUSÃO: As duas técnicas cirúrgicas estudadas demonstraram-se adequadas para o tratamento da CS. No presente estudo foi observada maior correção da deformidade no primeiro grupo, enquanto no segundo grupo existiram melhores resultados na EVA de dor e menor incidência de complicações.

OBJECTIVE: Surgical treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis (SK) remains a subject under discussion. In view of the controversy over the best form of surgical tr otomy. METHODS: This was a descriptive case-control study with cross-sectional analysis. Twenty-eight patients, split into two groups conducted at different times, were evaluated. RESULTS: The first group comprised patients treated using the double approach, with an average age of 19 years, preoperative kyphosis of 77.6°, postoperative kyphosis of 35.8° and average correction of 53.2 percent. The second group comprised patients treated using the posterior route associated with Smith-Petersen osteotomy, with a mean age of 27.3 years, preoperative kyphosis of 72.9°, postoperative kyphosis of 44.3° and average correction of 39.3 percent. Analysis between the two groups showed statistically significant differences in the following variables: age (p = 0.02), postoperative kyphosis (p = 0.04) and degree and percentage of kyphosis correction (p = 0.001). There was no difference concerning preoperative kyphosis (p = 0.33). In the assessment of postoperative pain (VAS), the first group presented an average of 0.6, versus 0.5 in the second group. There were only minor complications: seven in the first group and two in the second. CONCLUSION: The two surgical techniques studied proved to be adequate for treating SK. In the present study, the deformity correction was greater in the first group, while the pain VAS results were better in the second group, with lower incidence of complications.

Thoracolumbar disc herniation and Scheuermann's disease / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between thoracolumbar disc herniation (TLDH) and Scheuermann1's disease (SD),as well as the role of SD in the etiology of TLDH.Methods From June 2006 to June 2010,45 patients with TLDH (T10-11-L2-3) underwent surgery in our department.Forty-five patients with lower lumbar disc herniation (LDH,L3-4-L5S1) acted as controls.The incidence of SD and Scheuermann's signs of these patients were examined by reviewing CT,MRI and Ⅹ-ray films.The thoracolumbar kyphotic angles of the two groups were compared.Furthermore,in TLDH group,the incidence of disk herniation within segments with the Scheuermann's signs was compared to that within segments without Scheuermann's signs.Results All except one patient in TLDH group(97.8%) had been associated SD while the incidence of SD in LDH group was only 26.7%.The incidence of all Scheuennann's signs was higher in TLDH group than that in LDH group.The average thoracolumbar kyphotic angle of TLDH group was 15.8°±6.9° while that of LDH group was 4.8°±4.0°.In TLDH group,the incidence of disc herniation within segments with Scheuermann's signs was all higher than that within segments without Scheuermann's signs.Conclusion There is a close relationship between TLDH and SD,suggesting that TLDH is probably a manifestation of SD.Schmorl's node,irregular end plate,wedge-shaped vertebra and especially,posterior bony edge separation,are associated with disc herniation.

Correção da cifose de Scheuermann: estudo comparativo da fixação híbrida com ganchos e parafusos versus fixação apenas com parafusos / Corrección de la cifosis de Scheuermann: estudio comparativo de la fijación híbrida con ganchos y tornillos versus fijación solo con tornillos / Correction of Scheuermann kyphosis: comparative study of hybrid fixation using hooks and screws versus screw-only fixation

OBJETIVOS: avaliar o grau de correção da cifose de Scheuermann, em 6 pacientes que se submeteram à instrumentação híbrida composta por ganchos e parafusos (H) e 17 fixados apenas com parafusos (P). MÉTODOS: 23 pacientes, com cifose de Scheuermann, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico por dupla via com início pela via anterior, seguido pela via posterior. Do conjunto de pacientes, 6 foram operados com fixação híbrida e 17 com uso exclusivo de parafusos pediculares. O tratamento cirúrgico foi indicado para cifose rígida, variando de 60º e 105º e portadores do sinal de Risser acima de 4. RESULTADOS: observou-se, no Grupo H, cifose pré-operatória média de 84,17º e no pós-operatório de 47,5º. No Grupo P, a média de cifose no pré-operatório era de 80,35º e, no pós-operatório, de 33,53º. CONCLUSÃO: concluiu-se que os dois tipos de fixação apresentaram resultados muito satisfatórios, contudo, sendo ainda superior quando fixados só com parafusos.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the degree of correction of Sheuermann kyphosis, in 6 patients who were submitted to surgery using hybrid instrumentation comprised of hooks and screws (H), and 17 patients undergoing screw-only fixation (P). METHODS: 23 patients with Scheuermann kyphosis were submitted to surgical treatment using anterior and posterior approach. In the present study, we indicated surgical treatment for rigid kyphosis, varying between 60º and 105º. All patients presented a Risser signal above 4. Liberation and Fusion were realized through anterior approach, followed by fixation, deformity correction, and arthrodesis through posterior approach. RESULTS: in Group H, a preoperative kyphosis of 84.17º and a postoperative of 47.5º were observed. In Group P, a preoperative kyphosis of 80.35º and postoperative of 33.53º were observed. CONCLUSION: it was concluded that both types of fixation presented very satisfactory results, with screw only fixation being superior.

OBJETIVO: evaluar el grado de corrección de la cifosis de Scheuermann, en seis pacientes que se sometieron a la instrumentación híbrida compuesta por ganchos y tornillos (H) y 17 fijados solamente con tornillos (P). MÉTODOS: fueron veintitrés pacientes, con cifosis de Scheuermann, sometidos al tratamiento quirúrgico por dupla vía con inicio por la vía anterior seguido por la posterior. Del conjunto de pacientes, 6 fueron operados con fijación híbrida y 17 con uso exclusivo de tornillos pediculares. El tratamiento quirúrgico fue indicado para cifosis rígida, variando de 60º a 105º y portadores de la Señal de Risser por encima de 4. RESULTADOS: se observó, en el Grupo H, una cifosis preoperatoria promedio de 84.17º y en el postoperatorio de 47.5º. En el Grupo P el promedio de la cifosis en el preoperatorio era de 80.35º y en el postoperatorio de 33.53º. CONCLUSIÓN: los dos tipos de fijación presentaron resultados muy satisfactorios; no obstante, fue superior con la fijación solo con tornillos.

Osteotomias segmentares múltiplas para a correção da cifose / Multiple segmental osteotomies to the kyphosis correction

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o resultado do tratamento cirúrgico da hipercifose dorsal da coluna vertebral por meio da técnica de Ponte (osteotomias múltiplas posteriores). MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 10 pacientes (oito com sequela de doença de Scheuermann e dois com sequela de laminectomia) submetidos a cirurgia para correção de hipercifose acima de 70º. A idade variou de 12 anos a 20 anos (média de 16,8 anos ± 2,89). Os parâmetros radiográficos estudados foram a mensuração da cifose, lordose e, quando presente, da escoliose. Também foram avaliadas a presença de cifose juncional proximal e distal, a perda da correção e complicações como soltura e quebra dos implantes. Os parâmetros radiográficos foram avaliados no período pré-operatório, pós-operatório imediato e avaliação tardia. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes foram seguidos por um período que variou de 24 a 144 meses (média de 65,8 meses ± 39,92). O valor médio da hipercifose pré-operatória foi de 78,8º ± 7,59º (Cobb) e de 47,5º ± 12,54º no seguimento, com a média de correção de 33,9º ± 9,53º e perda média de correção de 2,2º. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento cirúrgico da hipercifose torácica por meio de osteotomias múltiplas posteriores apresentou boa correção da deformidade e perda mínima de correção ao longo do seguimento.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of the surgical treatment of the spinal Kyphosis using the Ponte's technique (multiple posterior osteotomies). METHODS: Ten patients (8 with Scheuermannïs kyphosis and 2 with kyphosis after laminectomy) submitted to surgical correction of kyphotic deformity greater than 70º were retrospectively assessed. The age at the surgical time ranged from 12 to 20 years old (mean age16.8 years ± 2.89). The radiographic parameters evaluated were the kyphosis, the lordosis and the scoliosis - whenever present. The presence of proximal and distal junctional kyphosis, loss of correction, and complications as implants loosening and breakage were also assessed. The radiographic parameters were evaluated at the preoperative, early postoperative and late postoperative time. RESULTS: The patients were followed through a period that ranged from 24 to 144 months (65.8 ±39.92). The mean value of the kyphosis was 78.8º ± 7.59º (Cobb) before surgery and 47.5º ± 12.54º at late follow up, with mean correction of 33.9º ± 9.53º and lost correction of 2.2º. CONCLUSION: The surgical treatment of the thoracic kyphosis using multiples posterior osteotomies presented a good correction of the deformity and minimal lost of correction during follow up.

Parafusos pediculares no tratamento da cifose de Scheuermann: resultados e complicações / Pedicle screws in the treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis: results and complications

O tratamento cirúrgico da cifose de Scheuermann permanece um tópico em debate. Tratamento tradicional tem incluído liberação anterior associada à fusão dos segmentos discais apicais, seguida por instrumentação posterior. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se o uso do sistema de parafusos pedicular vertebral promove melhor estabilização e correção da deformidade, sem procedimento compressivo, diminuindo os risco de complicações. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 19 pacientes com cifose de Scheuermann, que foram submetidos à liberação e fusão anterior por toracotomia aberta, seguida por instrumentação posterior com sistema de parafuso pedicular vertebral posicionados pela técnica de mão livre. Pré-operatoriamente, os pacientes foram analisados pela escala analógica visual (EVA) de dor e radiografias. No pós-operatório, foi analisado o grau de correção da curva, complicações, EVA para dor e nível de satisfação com a cirurgia. A média de seguimento foi de 37,5 meses (12,6-61,7 meses). RESULTADOS: Cifose pré-operatória variou de 66° a 94°, com média de 77,6°, e média da EVA de 6,6 pontos. No pós-operatório a cifose média foi de 35,8° (variação de 23° a 50°), sendo obtida média de correção de 53,8 por cento. A EVA foi de 0,6 ponto, com todos os pacientes, exceto um, satisfeitos com o resultado da cirurgia. Dentre as complicações: soltura de dois parafusos em um paciente, com necessidade de reintrodução e extensão da instrumentação, um paciente com infecção superficial resolvida clinicamente, uma quebra assintomática de parafuso e um paciente com infecção tardia resolvida com a retirada do implante. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento cirúrgico da cifose de Scheuermann, usando liberação e fusão anterior por toracotomia aberta seguida por instrumentação posterior com sistema de parafuso pedicular vertebral por meio da técnica de mão livre, mostrou-se, nessa série de pacientes, segura e eficiente.

Surgical treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis is still subject to debate. Traditional treatment has included an anterior release associated to fusion of apical disk segments, followed by posterior instrumentation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if the vertebral pedicle screw system yields a better stabilization and correction of the deformity, without a compressive procedure, thus decreasing the risk of complications. METHODS: 19 patients with Scheuermann's kyphosis were evaluated after being submitted to anterior release and fusion by open thoracotomy followed by posterior instrumentation with a vertebral pedicle screw system with the screws positioned with the free-hand technique. Before surgery, the patients were analyzed according to the visual analogical pain scale (EVA) and using X-rays. After surgery, analysis was made of the extension of the curve correction, complications, EVA for pain, and level of satisfaction with the surgery. Mean follow-up was 37.5 months (12.6 61.7 months). RESULTS: Pre-op kyphosis varied from 66° to 94°, with a mean of 77.6° and the mean EVA was 6.6. After surgery, the mean kyphosis was 35.8° (ranging from 23° to 50°), a mean correction of 53.8 percent being obtained. EVA was 0.6, and all patients but one, were pleased with the result of the surgery. Complications: two screws were detached in one patient and had to be reintroduced and instrumentation had to be expanded, one patient had superficial infection that was clinically solved, a screw broke asymptomatically, and one patient had late infection that was cured with the removal of the implant. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis using anterior release and fusion by open thoracotomy followed by posterior instrumentation with a vertebral pedicle screw system using the free hand technique showed, in this series, to be safe and efficient.

Cifose torácica e músculos isquiotibiais: correlação estético-funcional / Thoracic kyphosis and hamstrings: an aesthetic-functional correlation

OBJETIVO: Os autores discutem a correlação existente entre a cifose torácica aumentada, em pacientes portadores de Dorso Curvo Postural (DCP) ou Doença de Scheuermann (DS), e a contratura dos músculos isquiotibiais. Esta relação é pouco estudada na literatura. MÉTODOS: No período de junho a dezembro de 2003, foram analisados 38 pacientes. Dentre os pacientes, 26 (68,4 por cento) eram do sexo masculino e 12 (31,6 por cento) do sexo feminino. A idade mínima foi de 10 anos e a máxima de 20 anos, com média de 15,36. Encontramos 20 (52,6 por cento) pacientes portadores de Doença de Scheuermann e 18 (47,4 por cento) com Dorso Curvo Postural. RESULTADOS: De todos os 38 pacientes estudados, 32 (84,2 por cento) apresentaram contratura dos isquiotibiais, o que foi estatisticamente significante (p<0,001). Analisando apenas pacientes com DS encontramos 85 por cento de contratura e 83,3 por cento nos com DCP. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença estatística, da porcentagem de contratura dos isquiotibiais na DS em relação ao DCP (p=0,61).

OBJECTIVE: The authors discuss the existent correlation between augmented thoracic kyphosis in patients with juvenile Kyphosis or Scheuermann`s disease and hamstrings contraction. This correlation is marginally addressed by existing studies. METHODS: Between June and December 2003, 38 patients belonging to the Spine Group at the Department of Orthopaedics from Santa Casa de São Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed. Among them, 26 (68.4 percent) were males and 12 (81.6 percent) were females. The youngest age was 10 and the oldest one was 20 years, with an average of 15.36. Twenty (52.6 percent) patients presented with Scheuermann´s disease and 18 (47.4 percent) with juvenile Kyphosis. RESULTS: From all 38 patients under study, 32 (84.2 percent) presented hamstring contracture, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). 85 percent of patients presenting only Scheuermann`s disease and 83.3 percent of patients with only juvenile Kyphosis had contracture. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between contraction percentage in Scheuermann`s disease patients versus juvenile Kyphosis patients (p=0.61).

Comparative Analysis of MRI, X-Ray and CT in Diagnosis of Scheuermann Disease / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To study the imaging features of Scheuermann disease and compare the value of MRI, X-Ray and CT images in diagnosis of this disease. Methods The images of 14 Scheuermann disease patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results The pathological changed vertebraes have wedge-shaped changes in different degree. The edges of the vertebraes manifest roughness and have become step-shaped, or Schmorl′s nodes were demonstrated. Conclusion The multi-vertebraes wedge-shaped changes and the Schmorl′s nodes are the main imaging features of Scheuermann disease. The pathological change occurs in the different spine segments, and the imaging features are not completely same. X-Ray and MRI images are more important in diagnosis of this disease. MRI Multi-direction imaging displays clearly the Schmorl′s nodes, marrow dropsy, the fat accumulation and the intervertebral disc denaturation. What′s more important is that MRI has its own superiority in the differential diagnosis of this disease.

Method and Technic for Cluster Electrode Radiofrequency Hyperthermia Ablation of Liver Cancer by CT Guiding / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To evaluate the applied value of CT guiding the liver cancer ablation with cluster electrode radiofrequency hyperthermia. Methods 105 cases with local lung cancer were ablated with cluster electrode radiofrequency hyperthermia by whole body CT-ELSCINT 2400ELECT. Results Success rate of 105 cases CT guiding was 98.3% and the total remission rate was 82.8%. Conclusion It is with CT that the location of percutaneous puncture can be optimally selected, and the point view and depth of the electrode can been detected anytime; also, the internal local focus can be monitored. So, the CT guiding is the optimal method to guide cluster electrode radiofrequency hyperthermia ablation for lung cancer.